Pharmacies, pharmacists, and conscientious objection

Mark R Wicclair

Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal

Abstract
This paper examines the obligations of pharmacy licensees and pharmacists in the context of conscience-based objections to filling lawful prescriptions for certain types of medications-e.g., standard and emergency contraceptives. Claims of conscience are analyzed as means to preserve or maintain an individual’s moral integrity. It is argued that pharmacy licensees have an obligation to dispense prescription medications that satisfy the health needs of the populations they serve, and this obligation can override claims of conscience. Although efforts should be made to respect the moral integrity of pharmacists and accommodate their claims of conscience, it is argued that the health needs of patients and the professional obligations of pharmacists limit the extent to which pharmacists may refuse to assist patients who have lawful prescriptions for medically indicated drugs.


Wicclair MR. Pharmacies, pharmacists, and conscientious objection. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2006;16(3):225-250.

Conscientious Objection in Medicine

Mark R Wicclair

Bioethics
Bioethics

Abstract
Recognition of conscientious objection seems reasonable in relation to controversial and contentious issues, such as physician assisted suicide and abortion. However, physicians also advance conscience-based objections to actions and practices that are sanctioned by established norms of medical ethics, and an account of their moral force can be more elusive in such contexts. Several possible ethical justifications for recognizing appeals to conscience in medicine are examined, and it is argued that the most promising one is respect for moral integrity. It is also argued that an appeal to conscience has significant moral weight only if the core ethical values on which it is based correspond to one or more core values in medicine. Finally, several guidelines pertaining to appeals to conscience and their ethical evaluation are presented.


Wicclair MR. Conscientious Objection in Medicine. Bioethics. 2000;14(3):205-227.