James F Childress
![Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal](https://library.consciencelaws.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/kennedyintethicsj.jpg)
Abstract
Managed care organizations can produce conflicts of obligation and conflicts of interest that may lead to problems of conscience for health care professionals. This paper provides a basis for understanding the notions of conscience and conscientious objection and offers a framework for clinicians to stake out positions grounded in personal conscience as a way for them to respond to unacceptable pressures from managers to limit services.
Childress JF. Conscience and Conscientious Actions in the Context of MCOs. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 1997 Dec;7(4):403-411.