Ethics Archives - Page 70 of 87 - Protection of Conscience Project Library

Professions as the conscience of society

Paul Sieghart

Abstract
Ethics is no less of a science than any other. It has its roots in conflicts of interest between human beings, and in their conflicting urges to behave either selfishly or altruistically. Resolving such conflicts leads to the specification of rules of conduct, often expressed in terms of rights and duties. In the special case of professional ethics, the paramount rule of conduct is altruism in the service of a ‘noble’ cause, and this distinguishes true professions from other trades or occupations. If professional ethics come into conflict with national laws, the professional today can test the legitimacy of such laws by reference to internationally agreed legal standards in the field of human rights, and so help to perform the role of ‘professions as the conscience of society’.

Sieghart P. Professions as the conscience of society. J Med Ethics. 1985 Sep;11(3):117-122.

Abortion (Policy Statement)

Canadian Medical Association

Abstract
The Canadian Medical Association (CMA) recognizes that there is justification for abortion on medical and nonmedical socioeconomic grounds and that such an elective surgical procedure should be decided upon by the patient and the physician(s) concerned. Ideally, the service should be available to all women on an equitable basis across Canada. CMA has recommended the removal of all references to hospital therapeutic abortion committees as outlined in the Criminal Code of Canada. The Criminal Code would then apply only to the performance of abortion by persons other than qualified physicians or in facilities other than approved or accredited hospitals. The Canadian Medical Association is opposed to abortion on demand or its use as a birth control method, emphasizing the importance of counselling services, family planning facilities and services, and access to contraceptive information. . . the association also supports the position that no hospital, physician or other health care worker should be compelled to participate in the provision of abortion services if it is contrary to their beliefs or wishes. CMA also recommended that a patient should be informed of physicians’ moral or religious views restricting their recommendation for a particular form of therapy.

Canadian_Medical_Association. Abortion (Policy Statement). Can Med Assoc J. 1985 Aug 15;133(4):318.

Conscience, good character, integrity, and to hell with philosophical medical ethics?

Raanan Gillon

British Medical Journal, BMJ — British Medical Journal

Extract
. . .A recurring theme throughout medical discussion of medical ethics, typified by the British Medical Association’s Handbook of Medical Ethics,’ is the importance of recourse to conscience. In addition to this positive attitude to the importance of good conscience, good character, and integrity, doctors often have a distinctly negative attitude to philosophical discussion, argument, and criticism concerning medical ethics. . .

Gillon R. Conscience, good character, integrity, and to hell with philosophical medical ethics? Br Med J. 1985 May 18;290(6480):1497-1498.

Civil disobedience, conscientious objection, and evasive noncompliance: a framework for the analysis and assessment of illegal actions in health care

James F Childress

Abstract
This essay explores some of the conceptual and moral issues raised by illegal actions in health care. The author first identifies several types of illegal action, concentrating on civil disobedience, conscientious objection or refusal, and evasive noncompliance. Then he sketches a framework for the moral justification of these types of illegal action. Finally, he applies the conceptual and normative frameworks to several major cases of illegal action in health care, such as “mercy killing” and some decisions not to treat incompetent patients.

Childress JF. Civil disobedience, conscientious objection, and evasive noncompliance: a framework for the analysis and assessment of illegal actions in health care. J Med Philos. 1985 Feb 01;10(1):63-83.

(Correspondence) The tragedy of abortion

Luis Huaypaya

Extract
Cook and Howe (Can Med Assoc J 1984; 131: 539) state that “a possible tragedy was avoided” by recommending an abortion to a pregnant woman with schizophrenia. What constitutes a tragedy may be considered from different perspectives, and I would like to suggest an alternative view. It can be considered a tragedy that many well-intentioned health professionals believe that suppressing a life is an appropriate way of preventing human suffering. . . that many childless couples have to wait years to adopt while thousands of potentially adoptable children . . . are prevented from being born . . .

Huaypaya L. (Correspondence) The tragedy of abortion. Can Med Assoc J. 1985 Jan 15;132(2):93-96.

(Editorial) Conscience, virtue, integrity and medical ethics

Journal of Medical Ethics

Extract
. . . Conscience, for example, turns out to be an ambiguous concept. On the one hand is the concept of an unthinking but morally controlling force within us telling us what we should do and not do. . . The second concept of conscience corresponds to the . . . corresponds to many analyses of conscience in the theological and philosophical literature in which conscience is an essentially rational faculty . . . Thus it is immediately clear that claims for the adequacy of a good conscience for medical ethics must make clear which of these two concepts of conscience is intended. . . .

JME. (Editorial) Conscience, virtue, integrity and medical ethics. J Med Ethics. 1984 Dec;10(4):171-172.

(Editorial) Abortion denied – outcome of mothers and babies

Carlos Del Campo

Extract
The children of women who have been denied an abortion are at risk of certain disadvantages, but such problems could be alleviated by better adoption and social programs. Since well educated women have the most “liberal” attitudes towards abortion’4 and are the least likely to have economic reasons for wanting an abortion, programs to prevent abortion should be directed towards changing their attitudes. Also, women who have been denied abortion should be followed up, both for the child’s sake and to prevent further requests for abortion.

Campo CD. (Editorial) Abortion denied – outcome of mothers and babies. Can Med Assoc J. 1984 Feb 15;130(4):361-362, 366.

(Correspondence) The CMA abortion survey

PG Coffey

Extract
The CMA should have asked prolife physicians “Do you believe that the threat to a woman’s life should be the only indication for abortion?” In my experience most pro-life advocates believe not that there is absolutely no indication for abortion, but that abortion is indicated only in serious circumstances.

Coffey PG. (Correspondence) The CMA abortion survey. Can Med Assoc J. 1983 Dec 15;129(12):1260.

(Correspondence) The CMA abortion survey

Donovan Brown

Extract
I am saddened and a little shocked to find that nearly 50% of the medical profession in Canada would terminate pregnancy at the wishes of the patient. We are supposed to be a profession, but what do we profess to do?

Brown D. (Correspondence) The CMA abortion survey. Can Med Assoc J. 1983;129(12):1260.

(Correspondence) The CMA abortion survey

Paul de Bellefeuille

Extract
I find the CMA abortion survey disturbing and completely unsatisfying. Without exception, all the questions assume that abortion is acceptable and can therefore be neatly compartmentalized to facilitate its performance. Nothing could be further who initially did not want their babies did want them once they were born,’ some individuals may ignore this normal evolution of maternal feelings. . . . slightly more than half of the respondents would refuse to terminate a pregnancy solely at the “woman’s request”. . . . Everyone knows that few, if any, terminations of pregnancy are therapeutic, although many are pathogenic. . .

de Bellefeuille P. (Correspondence) The CMA abortion survey. Can Med Assoc J. 1983;129(12):1259-1260.